libctf, lookup: fix bounds of pptrtab lookup

An off-by-one bug in the check for pptrtab lookup meant that we could
access the pptrtab past its bounds (*well* past its bounds),
particularly if we called ctf_lookup_by_name in a child dict with "*foo"
where "foo" is a type that exists in the parent but not the child and no
previous lookups by name have been carried out.  (Note that "*foo" is
not even a valid thing to call ctf_lookup_by_name with: foo * is.
Nonetheless, users sometimes do call ctf_lookup_by_name with invalid
content, and it should return ECTF_NOTYPE, not crash.)

ctf_pptrtab_len, as its name suggests (and as other tests of it in
ctf-lookup.c confirm), is one higher than the maximum valid permissible
index, so the comparison is wrong.

(Test added, which should fail pretty reliably in the presence of this
bug on any machine with 4KiB pages.)

libctf/ChangeLog
2021-09-27  Nick Alcock  <nick.alcock@oracle.com>

	* ctf-lookup.c (ctf_lookup_by_name_internal): Fix pptrtab bounds.
	* testsuite/libctf-writable/pptrtab-writable-page-deep-lookup.*:
	New test.

libctf/ChangeLog

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+2021-09-27  Nick Alcock  <nick.alcock@oracle.com>
+
+	* ctf-lookup.c (ctf_lookup_by_name_internal): Fix pptrtab bounds.
+	* testsuite/libctf-writable/pptrtab-writable-page-deep-lookup.*:
+	New test.
+
 2021-09-27  Nick Alcock  <nick.alcock@oracle.com>
 
 	* testsuite/libctf-lookup/enum-symbol.c: Remove unused label.

libctf/ctf-lookup.c

@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ ctf_lookup_by_name_internal (ctf_dict_t *fp, ctf_dict_t *child,
 	  int in_child = 0;
 
 	  ntype = CTF_ERR;
-	  if (child && idx <= child->ctf_pptrtab_len)
+	  if (child && idx < child->ctf_pptrtab_len)
 	    {
 	      ntype = child->ctf_pptrtab[idx];
 	      if (ntype)
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ ctf_lookup_by_name_internal (ctf_dict_t *fp, ctf_dict_t *child,
 	      idx = LCTF_TYPE_TO_INDEX (fp, ntype);
 
 	      ntype = CTF_ERR;
-	      if (child && idx <= child->ctf_pptrtab_len)
+	      if (child && idx < child->ctf_pptrtab_len)
 		{
 		  ntype = child->ctf_pptrtab[idx];
 		  if (ntype)

libctf/testsuite/libctf-writable/pptrtab-writable-page-deep-lookup.c

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/* Make sure we can look up a pointer-to-type where the type is more than a page
+   into the parent and the child has never had a lookup before.  */
+
+#include <ctf-api.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  ctf_dict_t *pfp, *cfp;
+  ctf_encoding_t e = { CTF_INT_SIGNED, 0, sizeof (long) };
+  ctf_id_t ptype, ptrtype, type, foo;
+  size_t i;
+  int err;
+
+  if ((pfp = ctf_create (&err)) == NULL)
+    goto create_err;
+
+  if ((ptype = ctf_add_integer (pfp, CTF_ADD_NONROOT, "blah", &e)) == CTF_ERR)
+    goto create_parent;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 4096; i++)
+    if ((foo = ctf_add_pointer (pfp, CTF_ADD_NONROOT, ptype)) == CTF_ERR)
+      goto create_parent;
+
+  if ((cfp = ctf_create (&err)) == NULL)
+    goto create_err;
+
+  if (ctf_import (cfp, pfp) < 0)
+    goto create_child;
+
+  if ((ptype = ctf_add_integer (pfp, CTF_ADD_ROOT, "foo", &e)) == CTF_ERR)
+    goto create_parent;
+
+  if ((ptrtype = ctf_add_pointer (pfp, CTF_ADD_ROOT, ptype)) == CTF_ERR)
+    goto create_parent;
+
+  if ((type = ctf_lookup_by_name (cfp, "*foo")) != CTF_ERR)
+    {
+      fprintf (stderr, "Type lookup unexpectedly succeeded: %s\n", ctf_errmsg (ctf_errno (cfp)));
+      exit (1);
+    }
+
+  if ((type = ctf_lookup_by_name (cfp, "foo *")) == CTF_ERR)
+    {
+      fprintf (stderr, "Type lookup error: %s\n", ctf_errmsg (ctf_errno (cfp)));
+      exit (1);
+    }
+
+  ctf_dict_close (cfp);
+  ctf_dict_close (pfp);
+
+  printf ("Type lookup succeeded.\n");
+
+  return 0;
+
+ create_err:
+  fprintf (stderr, "Creation failed: %s\n", ctf_errmsg (err));
+  exit (1);
+ create_parent:
+  fprintf (stderr, "Cannot create parent type: %s\n", ctf_errmsg (ctf_errno (pfp)));
+  exit (1);
+ create_child:
+  fprintf (stderr, "Cannot create child type: %s\n", ctf_errmsg (ctf_errno (cfp)));
+  exit (1);
+}

libctf/testsuite/libctf-writable/pptrtab-writable-page-deep-lookup.lk

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Type lookup succeeded.
+